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This study examines the promotional effect of cerium doping on alumina-supported bimetallic Ni–Co catalysts for steam methane reforming (SMR) at temperatures below 700 °C. Ce incorporation enhances oxygen storage capacity, reduces carbon deposition, and improves long-term stability — enabling up to 94% methane conversion over 200 h on-stream.
A comprehensive techno-economic model is developed for PEM-based green hydrogen plants ranging from 5 to 100 MW in India. The levelised cost of hydrogen (LCOH) is shown to fall below USD 3.5/kg at renewable electricity tariffs under ₹2.5/kWh, with electrolyser stack replacement cost identified as the primary economic lever over a 20-year project life.
Using ASPEN Plus V12, the thermodynamic performance of a 1500 MTPD ammonia plant integrated with a post-combustion CO₂ capture unit is evaluated. Exergy destruction analysis pinpoints the primary reformer (41% share) and the amine absorption column (22% share) as the dominant inefficiency contributors, proposing a two-stage heat integration scheme to recover 8.5 GJ/day.
Hierarchical ZSM-5 zeolites synthesised via alkaline desilication exhibit a bimodal pore system that dramatically reduces diffusion limitations during HVGO catalytic cracking. The resulting catalyst achieves a 7.3% improvement in light olefin yield and 12% reduction in dry gas make compared to the conventional microporous analogue under realistic FCC conditions.
This book chapter provides an authoritative comparative analysis of blue hydrogen (SMR + CCS), green hydrogen (electrolysis), and turquoise hydrogen (methane pyrolysis) routes. The chapter covers process fundamentals, current Technology Readiness Levels, lifecycle GHG emissions, cost trajectories to 2035, and policy instruments best suited to each pathway.
This technical report maps the current GHG emission profile of India's 35 operating fertilizer complexes and develops three decarbonisation scenarios — incremental efficiency, blue ammonia transition, and full green ammonia — modelling carbon abatement costs, CAPEX requirements, and grid infrastructure needs through 2050 under an aligned policy environment.